Effects of spectral composition,photoperiod and light intensity on the gonadal development of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)     

仇登高  徐世宏  宋昌斌  迟良  李贤  孙国祥  刘宝良  刘鹰 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(1):45-56

Artificial lighting regimes have been successfully used to inhibit sexual maturity of Atlantic salmon in confinement.However,when these operations are applied in commercial recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS) using standard lighting technology,sexual maturation is not suppressed.In this study,an L_9(3~3) orthogonal design was used to determine the effects of three factors(spectral composition,photoperiod,and light intensity) on the gonadal development of Atlantic salmon in RAS.We demonstrated that the photoperiod at the tested levels had a much greater effect on the gonadosomatic index and female Fulton condition factor than spectral composition and light intensity.The photoperiod had a significant effect on the secretion of sex steroids and melatonin(P0.05),and a short photoperiod delayed sex steroid and melatonin level increases.The three test factors had no significant effects on the survival rate,specific growth rate,relative weight gain,and male Fulton condition factor(P0.05).The optimum lighting levels in female and male Atlantic salmon were LD 8:16,455 nm(or 625 nm),8.60 W/m~2;and LD 8:16,8.60 W/m~2,455 nm respectively.These conditions not only delayed gonadal development,but also had no negative effects on Atlantic salmon growth in RAS.These results demonstrate that a combination of spectral composition,photoperiod and light intensity is effective at delaying the gonadal development of both male and female salmon in RAS.  相似文献   

Monitoring cyanobacteria-dominant algal blooms in eutrophicated Taihu Lake in China with synthetic aperture radar images     

王甘霖  李俊生  张兵  申茜  张方方 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(1):139-148

Monitoring algal blooms by optical remote sensing is limited by cloud cover.In this study,synthetic aperture radar(SAR) was deployed with the aim of monitoring cyanobacteria-dominant algal blooms in Taihu Lake in cloudy weather.The study shows that dark regions in the SAR images caused by cyanobacterial blooms damped the microwave backscatter of the lake surface and were consistent with the regions of algal blooms in quasi-synchronous optical images,confirming the applicability of SAR for detection of surface blooms.Low backscatter may also be associated with other factors such as low wind speeds,resulting in interference when monitoring algal blooms using SAR data alone.After feature extraction and selection,the dark regions were classified by the support vector machine method with an overall accuracy of 67.74%.SAR can provide a reference point for monitoring cyanobacterial blooms in the lake,particularly when weather is not suitable for optical remote sensing.Multi-polarization and multi-band SAR can be considered for use in the future to obtain more accurate information regarding algal blooms from SAR data.  相似文献   

Body composition and compensatory growth in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under different feeding intervals     

高阳  王子威 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(4):945-956

We investigated the growth and body composition of Nile tilapia under five different feeding regimes. A control group was fed to satiation twice daily for 185 days; four treatment groups were fed at intervals of 2, 3, 4 or 7 days(dietary ‘restricted' period, days 0–80) and then fed to satiation(‘refeeding' period, days 80–185). Compensatory growth in weight and length of the feed-restricted groups was observed during the refeeding period. However, the growth of none of the restricted groups caught up with that of the control group over the experimental period. Feed intake upon refeeding increased with the duration of deprivation. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency between the restricted and control groups during the refeeding stage, suggesting that hyperphagia was the mechanism responsible for the increased growth rates during this period. Tilapia preferentially used n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and nonessential amino acids during the restricted-feeding period. Higher production was achieved by higher feed consumption. We suggest that if attainment of market size in minimum time is required, fish should be consistently fed to satiation, while taking care to avoid the possible negative consequences of overfeeding.  相似文献   

Barotropic current fluctuations coupled with sea level drawdown in Yellow and Bohai Seas     

万凯  鲍献文  王毅  万修全  李昊倩  刘珂 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(1):272-281

Sub-tidal barotropic current variations coupled with residual sea level fluctuation in the Bohai and Yellow Seas during wintertime are addressed in this study.The temporal evolution and spatial distribution of current fluctuation are investigated using moored acoustic Doppler current profiler data in a three-dimensional numerical model.It is found that a southward current followed by a northward current occurred in the northern Yellow Sea during the fluctuation,concurrent with a significant outflow followed by inflow through the Bohai Strait.The process is consistent from surface to bottom and is coupled with remarkable residual sea level fluctuation.This quasi three-day fluctuation with amplitude 0.2-0.3 m/s leads to 1 m/1.2 m drawdown in the northern Yellow and Bohai Seas,respectively,strongly influencing water exchange between those seas.Because this a prominent feature in the seas,it is necessary to evaluate its effect on fluctuation during winter in future studies,in particular,the northward current during the recovery phase of sea level in the Bohai and Yellow Seas regarding seasonal variation.  相似文献   

Seasonal variations in fouling diatom communities on the Yantai coast     

杨翠云  王建华  于洋  刘苏静  夏传海 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(2):439-446

Fouling diatoms are a main component of biofilm,and play an important role in marine biofouling formation. We investigated seasonal variations in fouling diatom communities that developed on glass slides immersed in seawater,on the Yantai coast,northern Yellow Sea,China,using microscopy and molecular techniques. Studies were conducted during 2012 and 2013 over 3,7,14,and 21 days in each season. The abundance of attached diatoms and extracellular polymeric substances increased with exposure time of the slides to seawater. The lowest diatom density appeared in winter and the highest species richness and diversity were found in summer and autumn. Seasonal variation was observed in the structure of fouling diatom communities. Pennate diatoms Cylindrotheca,Nitzschia,Navicula,Amphora,Gomphonema,and Licmophora were the main fouling groups. Cylindrotheca sp. dominated in the spring. Under laboratory culture conditions,we found that Cylindrotheca grew very fast,which might account for the highest density of this diatom in spring. The lower densities in summer and autumn might result from the emergence of fouling animals and environmental factors. The Cylindrotheca sp. was identified as Cylindrotheca closterium using18 S rDNA sequencing. The colonization process of fouling diatoms and significant seasonal variation in this study depended on environmental and biological factors. Understanding the basis of fouling diatoms is essential and important for developing new antifouling techniques.  相似文献   

Impact of nonlinear processes on formation of the Kuroshio large meander path in a barotropic inflow-outflow model     

张培军  王强  马利斌 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(1):252-261

Based on a barotropic inflow-outflow model,we examine the formation of the Kuroshio large meander(LM) using conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) method.Both linear and nonlinear evolutions of such perturbations obtained by this method are investigated.The results show that the nonlinear evolution can result in the Kuroshio transition from a straight to LM path,whereas the linear evolution cannot.This implies that nonlinearity plays an important role in the formation of the Kuroshio LM path.The nonlinearity exists as advection in the evolution equations of the perturbation derived from the barotropic inflow-outflow model,namely the nonlinear advection of the perturbation by the perturbation(NAPP).By examining the role of this nonlinearity,we find that the NAPP tends to move the cyclonic eddy induced by the CNOP-type perturbation westward.Together with the beta effect,this offsets part of the eastward advection caused by the interaction between the perturbation and the background flow.Hence,the eastward movement of the cyclonic eddy is significantly weakened,effectively causing the eddy to develop.The sufficient evolution of this cyclonic eddy leads to the formation of the Kuroshio LM.  相似文献   

Impact of sea spray on upper ocean temperature during typhoon passage: simulation with a 1-D turbulent model     

张连新  张学峰  韩桂军  吴新荣  崔晓健  邵彩霞  孙春健  张晓爽  王喜冬  付红丽 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(5):1164-1180

At the interface between the lower atmosphere and sea surface, sea spray might significantly influence air-sea heat fluxes and subsequently, modulate upper ocean temperature during a typhoon passage. The effects of sea spray were introduced into the parameterization of sea surface roughness in a 1-D turbulent model, to investigate the effects of sea spray on upper ocean temperature in the Kuroshio Extension area, for the cases of two real typhoons from 2006, Yagi and Soulik. Model output was compared with data from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO), and Reynolds and AMSRE satellite remote sensing sea surface temperatures. The results indicate drag coefficients that include the spray effect are closer to observations than those without, and that sea spray can enhance the heat fluxes (especially latent heat flux) considerably during a typhoon passage. Consequently, the model results with heat fluxes enhanced by sea spray simulate better the cooling process of the SST and upper-layer temperature profiles. Additionally, results from the simulation of the passage of typhoon Soulik (that passed KEO quickly), which included the sea spray effect, were better than for the simulated passage of typhoon Yagi (that crossed KEO slowly). These promising 1-D results could provide insight into the application of sea spray in general circulation models for typhoon studies.  相似文献   

A theoretical framework and methodology for urban activity spatial structure in e-society: Empirical evidence for Nanjing City,China   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Bo Wang  Feng Zhen  Zongcai Wei  Shu Guo  Tingting Chen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2015,25(6):672-683

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A consistent combination of GNSS and SLR with minimum constraints   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Susanne Glaser  Mathias Fritsche  Krzysztof Sośnica  Carlos Javier Rodríguez-Solano  Kan Wang  Rolf Dach  Urs Hugentobler  Markus Rothacher  Reinhard Dietrich 《Journal of Geodesy》2015,89(12):1165-1180

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一种提取遥感影像中道路信息的方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李华胜  黄平平  苏莹 《国土资源遥感》2015,(2):56-62

由于合理有效地选择分割阈值较难,因此基于阈值分割的道路信息提取方法对于遥感影像中含有多种类型道路、或非道路地物干扰比较明显的情况适用性不理想。为此,提出了一种将Mean Shift和阈值分割相结合的方法来提取道路信息。首先,采用Mean Shift方法对遥感影像进行平滑处理,在较好地保持道路边缘信息的同时使道路内部的纹理分布更加均匀;其次,对平滑处理后的影像进行Mean Shift分割处理,将具有相同或相似灰度值的道路用一种灰度值显示;然后,选择灰度直方图中像素数量值高的线所对应的灰度值作为分割区间边界点进行多阈值分割,得到初始道路信息;最后,对初始道路信息进行后处理,得到最终的道路信息。实验证明,该方法可以完成对遥感影像中道路信息的提取,拓宽了阈值分割方法提取道路信息的使用范围。  相似文献